Ella Jane Fitzgerald (25 Nisan 1917 – 15 Haziran 1996); entonasyonunun ve yorumunun kusursuzlu\u011fu, do\u011fa\u00e7lamalarda bir trompet gibi kullanabildi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 oktav aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan sesiyle yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ABD’li caz vokalistlerindendir. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ABD’nin Virjinya eyaletinde do\u011fan Ella Fitzgerald, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra bo\u015fanan annesiyle birlikte New York’a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Zor bir \u00e7ocukluk ge\u00e7irdi. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken dans\u00e7\u0131 olmak istiyordu, s\u0131k s\u0131k dans yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131yordu. 15 ya\u015f\u0131nda annesini bir araba kazas\u0131nda kaybetti ve halas\u0131yla Harlem\u2019de ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir s\u00fcre sonra evsiz kalan Ella, Harlem sokaklar\u0131nda \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok ses yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na kat\u0131lan sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u015fans\u0131 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda Appolo Tiyatrosu\u2019nda kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve birinci oldu\u011fu yar\u0131\u015fmayla d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Burada \u00fcnl\u00fc caz bateristi Chick Webb’le tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve haftal\u0131k 12.50 dolar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda grupla beraber turneye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. “Love and Kisses” ilk kayd\u0131 yap\u0131lan, “A-Tisket, A-Tasket” ise tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan par\u00e7alard\u0131r. Webb’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra orkestran\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1941’de solo kariyerine ba\u015flayan Fitzgerald 1950lerde Norman Granz’\u0131n menajerli\u011fiyle herkes taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Swing d\u00f6neminin sona ermesi ve turnelere \u00e7\u0131kan b\u00fcy\u00fck orkestralar\u0131n kapan\u0131\u015f\u0131yla birlikte Fiztgerald, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Be-Bop ak\u0131m\u0131ndan etkilenerek vokal tarz\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Scat tekni\u011fini (kelimelerin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, anlams\u0131z hecelerle emprovizasyon) geli\u015ftirdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ella, o s\u00fcre\u00e7te sesini duyurmay\u0131 ba\u015farsa da \u00f6nemli caz kul\u00fcpleri siyah ve kilolu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in onu sahneye \u00e7\u0131karmak istemiyordu. Ella\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck hayranl\u0131k besleyen Marilyn Monroe, Los Angeles\u2019\u0131n o zamanlar en me\u015fhur kul\u00fcb\u00fc olan Mocambo\u2019da sahne almak isteyen Ella i\u00e7in kul\u00fcb\u00fcn sahibiyle bir anla\u015fma yapt\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer Ella\u2019y\u0131 sahneye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rsa, her gece \u00f6n s\u0131rada oturacakt\u0131 ve ba\u015fka \u00fcnl\u00fc arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 da yan\u0131nda getirecekti. Her gece \u00f6n koltukta yerini alan Monroe, Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland gibi arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 da yan\u0131nda getirdi. Bu kadar y\u0131ld\u0131z isme asl\u0131nda gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rezervasyonlar t\u00fckenince fark eden kul\u00fcp sahibi, Ella\u2019y\u0131 sahneye \u00e7\u0131karmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1956’dan 1964’e kadar, 19 ciltlik bir dizi \u201c\u015fark\u0131 kitab\u0131\u201d (Great American Songbook) yay\u0131nlayan Fitzgerald, bu alb\u00fcmlerde Richard Rodgers, Cole Porter, George Gershwin, Duke Ellington, Jerome Kern, Irving Berlin ve Johnny Mercer gibi sanat\u00e7\u0131lardan 250’den fazla se\u00e7kin \u015fark\u0131y\u0131 yorumlad\u0131. Alb\u00fcm kay\u0131tlar\u0131 devam ederken uluslararas\u0131 turnelere de \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Elli yedi seneyi a\u015fan kariyerinde 13 Grammy \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc ile ABD ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 Ronald Reagan (Ulusal Sanat Madalyas\u0131) ve George H. W. Bush (\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Madalyas\u0131) taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015f iki ayr\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcle sahip oldu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fitzgerald uzun kariyeri boyunca \u00fcnl\u00fc bir\u00e7ok m\u00fczisyenle yan yana \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Trompet\u00e7i ve caz vokalisti Louis Armstrong, gitarist Joe Pass ve orkestra \u015fefleri Count Basie ve Duke Ellington bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Son kayd\u0131n\u0131 1989’da yapt\u0131, 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda da son konserini verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hayat\u0131 boyunca diyabetle sava\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra 1993 senesinde iki baca\u011f\u0131 da ampute edildi ve hayat\u0131na tekerli sandalyeyle devam etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Di\u011fer sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hastanede ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi g\u00fcnlerden s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p, son g\u00fcnlerini o\u011flu ve torunuyla ge\u00e7irmek isteyen Fitzgerald 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda 79 ya\u015f\u0131nda Beverly Hills’deki evinde hayata veda etti. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ella Jane Fitzgerald (25 Nisan 1917 – 15 Haziran 1996); entonasyonunun ve yorumunun kusursuzlu\u011fu, do\u011fa\u00e7lamalarda bir trompet gibi kullanabildi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 oktav aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan sesiyle yirminci “Ella Jane Fitzgerald (1917 – 1996)”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1886,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.lavidanismanlik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1885"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.lavidanismanlik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.lavidanismanlik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.lavidanismanlik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.lavidanismanlik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1885"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.lavidanismanlik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1885\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1887,"href":"http:\/\/www.lavidanismanlik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1885\/revisions\/1887"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.lavidanismanlik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.lavidanismanlik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1885"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.lavidanismanlik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1885"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.lavidanismanlik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}